Physics
Updated 2023-2025

AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based

Discover the fundamental principles that govern motion, forces, and energy. Through hands-on laboratory investigations and mathematical analysis, explore questions about floating objects, bicycle balance, and relative motion that connect physics to everyday experiences.

AP Physics 1 concepts and laboratory equipment

Course Overview

AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based provides students with a comprehensive foundation in classical mechanics, wave phenomena, and basic electricity. This inquiry-based course emphasizes hands-on laboratory investigations and mathematical modeling using algebra and trigonometry.

Students develop scientific reasoning skills through systematic investigation of physical phenomena, learning to design experiments, analyze data, and construct evidence-based explanations. The course connects abstract physical principles to real-world applications and everyday experiences.

2024-25 Updates: Revised course includes enhanced fluids unit and updated laboratory investigations.

Course Details

Exam Date
May 16, 2025 • 8:00 AM
Difficulty Level
Foundational
Prerequisites
Geometry, Algebra II (concurrent OK)
College Equivalent
First-semester introductory algebra-based physics
Mathematical Approach
Algebra and trigonometry-based

Essential Physics Skills

Develop the scientific reasoning and analytical skills essential for understanding physical phenomena.

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Physical Representations

Create and interpret diagrams, graphs, and mathematical models that depict physical phenomena.

🧮

Mathematical Analysis

Conduct quantitative analyses to derive relationships, calculate values, and predict outcomes.

🔬

Experimental Design

Design procedures, analyze data, and support scientific claims through laboratory investigations.

Course Content & Units

Eight comprehensive units covering fundamental physics concepts from motion to fluid mechanics.

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Unit 1: Kinematics

10%–15% of exam score

Master the fundamental study of motion in one and two dimensions using mathematical relationships.

Key Topics:

  • Scalars and vectors in one dimension
  • Displacement, velocity, and acceleration
  • Representing motion graphically
  • Reference frames and relative motion
  • Vectors and motion in two dimensions

Unit 2: Force and Translational Dynamics

18%–23% of exam score

Explore forces as interactions between objects and apply Newton's laws to analyze motion.

Key Topics:

  • Systems and center of mass
  • Forces and free-body diagrams
  • Newton's Three Laws of Motion
  • Gravitational and friction forces
  • Spring forces and circular motion
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Unit 3: Work, Energy, and Power

18%–23% of exam score

Understand the relationships between work, energy, and power in mechanical systems.

Key Topics:

  • Translational kinetic energy
  • Work done by forces
  • Gravitational and elastic potential energy
  • Conservation of mechanical energy
  • Power and energy transfer rates
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Unit 4: Linear Momentum

10%–15% of exam score

Analyze collisions and interactions using momentum conservation principles.

Key Topics:

  • Linear momentum and impulse
  • Change in momentum over time
  • Conservation of linear momentum
  • Elastic and inelastic collisions
  • Center of mass motion
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Unit 5: Torque and Rotational Dynamics

10%–15% of exam score

Apply rotational analogs to Newton's laws for analyzing rotating bodies.

Key Topics:

  • Rotational kinematics and angular quantities
  • Connecting linear and rotational motion
  • Torque as rotational force
  • Rotational inertia and mass distribution
  • Rotational equilibrium and Newton's laws
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Unit 6: Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems

5%–8% of exam score

Explore rotational energy and angular momentum in complex systems.

Key Topics:

  • Rotational kinetic energy
  • Work done by torques
  • Angular momentum and angular impulse
  • Conservation of angular momentum
  • Rolling motion and satellite orbits
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Unit 7: Oscillations

5%–8% of exam score

Analyze simple harmonic motion and periodic phenomena in physical systems.

Key Topics:

  • Defining simple harmonic motion (SHM)
  • Frequency, period, and amplitude
  • Graphical representations of SHM
  • Energy in simple harmonic oscillators
  • Springs and pendulum systems
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Unit 8: Fluids

10%–15% of exam score

Investigate the behavior of liquids and gases and their interactions with objects.

Key Topics:

  • Internal structure and density
  • Pressure in static and moving fluids
  • Fluids and Newton's laws
  • Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle
  • Fluid flow and conservation laws

Hands-On Laboratory Investigations

Physics is an experimental science. Our comprehensive laboratory program develops investigation skills and deepens conceptual understanding through direct experience.

Motion Analysis Lab

Use motion sensors and video analysis to investigate kinematics

Equipment: Motion detectors, video cameras, tracking software

Force Investigation

Explore Newton's laws using force sensors and dynamics carts

Equipment: Force sensors, dynamics tracks, spring scales

Energy Conservation

Investigate energy transformations in mechanical systems

Equipment: Pendulums, springs, ramps, energy analysis tools

Collision Analysis

Study momentum conservation in elastic and inelastic collisions

Equipment: Air tracks, collision carts, motion sensors

Rotational Motion

Analyze rotational dynamics using spinning disks and torque apparatus

Equipment: Rotational motion sensors, moment of inertia apparatus

Fluid Mechanics

Investigate buoyancy, pressure, and fluid flow phenomena

Equipment: Fluid containers, pressure sensors, density materials
Laboratory Hours
25%
of total course time
Investigations
15+
hands-on experiments
Lab Skills
Core
AP exam component

Prerequisites & Preparation

Geometry completion required; Algebra II concurrent enrollment acceptable

Students should be comfortable with:

  • Algebraic manipulation
  • Basic trigonometry
  • Linear equations and graphs
  • Quadratic functions
  • Scientific notation
  • Unit conversions
  • Vector components
  • Data analysis and graphing

Success Strategies

🎯 Think Conceptually

Focus on understanding physical principles rather than memorizing formulas. Ask "why" and "how" questions.

🔬 Embrace Laboratory Work

Laboratory investigations are crucial. Practice designing experiments and analyzing real data.

📊 Master Problem-Solving

Develop systematic approaches: identify knowns/unknowns, choose appropriate models, solve, and check answers.

🏃‍♂️ Practice Regularly

Work through varied problems daily. Connect mathematical solutions to physical meanings.

Your Physics Journey

See how AP Physics 1 serves as the foundation for advanced physics study and STEM careers.

Foundation

Geometry + Algebra II

Current Course

AP Physics 1

Next Steps

AP Physics 2, AP Physics C, or Engineering

Ready to Discover Physics?

Start your physics journey with AP Physics 1. Develop scientific reasoning skills and explore the fundamental principles that govern motion, forces, and energy in our universe.